Can 100% Renewable Energy Power The World

Every year world use 35 billion barrels of oil this massive scale of fossil fuels dependents pollutes the earth and it were not last forever. The scientist researcher that we consumed 40 % oil according to the present estimate. This rete will run out oil and gas 50 years and coal in an about a century.

On the other side we have abundant solar, water and wind these are renewable resources. So the point is how we can change the world from fossil fuels to renewable sources.

This question rises since a century but it’s hard to answer?

Yet renewable energy provide only 13% of our needs that’s requires 100% that’s inexpensive and accessible. This represent a huge challenge we ignore the politics involve and focus of science and engineering we can better understand the problem by understanding how use energy. The global energy use is a dive race and complex system. The different element require their own solution but now we focus on these to familiar used in daily life.

The electricity and liquid fuel. Electricity powers a lot of things in industry as well as home. Liquid fuels play a crucial role in the transportation.

Let consider the electrical portion first the great news is our electrical advance technology can get energy from every form of renewable source.

 The Sun is the fundamental source of solar energy and continuously accelerates 173 Quadrillion Watts of solar energy at the earth. Its approximate 10000 time more than our need. It is estimated that the surface expands almost 7000 km will be needed to power humanity and our present usage level so, why we not builds that because there are other difficulties like efficiency and transportation.

Firstly the desert are the best places for solar energy but they are located for away from our populated areas where the electricity demand is very high. We transmit the energy by cables through pole that is too expensive and energy loss.

Today the transmitted lines loss the energy 6 to 8% and longer power line dissipate more energy the only super conductor can reduce this loss but they require cool surface not a heated places.

The other solution is we convert the all renewable energy into easily transportable form. We can stores the energy in lithium dry batteries which is low weight and efficient.

There are other sources like hydroelectric, geoelectric and wind energy but they depends upon the location and availability.  

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How to make money online Pakistan

Now a days Pakistan is emerging country in the field of IT. IT is directly relate to the making money through online. In Pakistan a number of people want to work in spear time as well as a full time. Online working is not a harder task when you have a good skills, knowledge, guidance and commitment for you work.

In Pakistan a lot of method are in market through which we can earn money online like freelancing, online shopping stores, blogging, websites, YouTube, mobile apps and other a lot of services you can provide to make money online. Here we explain some of these method to work online.

Freelancing is the one of the best and trusted source of income. It’s quite simple and depend upon your skills. If you have a specific skill go to the freelancing websites like Fiver, Envato studio, Upwork, Presto Experts and many more. Work on these websites is not a rocket science it’s quite simple. For example you a have good technical Knowledge about a specific Engineering field and you can solves the others problems just go the website put their info about your skills after that needy people contact with you by self. When you get some work and accept the client offer (amount) the decides money move in the third party account. When you complete your task it move in your bank account or reach it to you by other ways.

Online shopping store is the innovation in business field. A Few decade ago you cannot sell your product even a whole country. Now if someone want sell their product in whole world online shopping make it easier without tension of delivery of product as well as collect the price of sell product. Make a website like Draz.pk, Alibaba and Amazon show your product to the world sell and make money.

Blogging is related to the writing skills. It’s a kind of website here you have to write on your interesting topic that other’s like and enjoy. If your post and writing contact not a copy past and unique then Google AdSense give you permission to show add on your blog and when readers read your article adds show automatically through this you can earn revenue.

Website, YouTube and other mobile application have same working phenomena. A programmer built a website or mobile application and upload to the Google paly store or I cloud. When someone download it to use adds shows him and revenue goes in the owner account.

 A lot of many more way to work and earn online in Pakistan but these are the most famous and trending method.

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Combined-Cycle Generation Process and its working Principle

In the combines cycle power plants we use heat engines that’s work on same source of fuel, converts in to mechanical then into electrical by moving the electrical generator. In this phenomena we use exhaust of one engine used as a fuel of second which seems to be more useful fuel and enhance the overall efficiency of the system. This system is cost effective because we use fuel for heat engine and the waste (e.g., hot exhaust fumes)   produced from the combustion of the fuel used by combining the two thermodynamic cycles so that the overall efficiency improved.

 Brayton cycle is batter for the stationary plants and Rankine cycle commonly used for steam power plant.

Combined cycle power plant consist of following main component.

1:  Gas turbine.

2:  steam turbine.

3:  heat recovery steam generator (HRSG)

Gas turbine

The Gas Turbine essentially comprises a multi stage axial flow compressor section with movable inlet guide vane (IGV), two vertical silo type combustion chambers with several burners, and multi stage axial flow turbine section. The compressor draws in air from the atmosphere, compresses it and

then feeds the compressed air into the combustion chambers. The fuel (natural gas or diesel oil) is injected into the combustion chambers where it is burned together with compressed air. The resulting hot compressed combustion chambers gas flows from the combustion chambers into the turbine section an expands while it drives the turbine. The mechanical enginery of the GT is utilized to drive an air cooled generator as well as compressor section of the turbine. The grid is fed by the generator. The expanded exhaust gases from the GT are fed either to the bypass stack or into the HRSG for further use. The energy given up to the turbine comes from the reduction in the temperature and pressure of the exhaust gas. All these processes make up the Brayton cycle.

GAS TURBINE PRINCIPLE

 A gas turbine works on the basic principle of the Brayton cycle. A Brayton cycle consists of three main components: 

1: A gas compressor 

2:A mixing chamber 

3: An expander/Energy Extractor IDEAL BRATON CYCLE STEPS: 

1-2.Isentropic process - 2-3.Isobaric process - 3-4.Isentropic process - 4-1.Isobaric process

Steam Turbine

The ST is of dual casing condensing type and is operated in the sliding pressure mode from 100 % to 60 % output and in fixed pressure mode below this range. The turbine comprises a combined HP (type D30-

16) and LP section (type N30-25) in which the thermal energy of the steam generated by the HRSGs is converted to mechanical energy in order to drive an air cooled generator to produce electric power. The exhaust steam is condensed in a conventional condenser located behind the exhaust side to the LP-turbine and cooled by the circulating cooling water system which transfers the heat to the atmosphere via a wet cooling tower

Steam turbine principle

Steam turbine works on the principle of Rankine cycle. It has four basic components.

1.     Boiler

2.   Turbine

3.   Condenser

4.   Condenser feed pump

Heat Recovery Steam Generator

Hrsg is heart of combined cycle power plant and a critical link between gas turbine and steam turbine. Hrsg is an energy recovery heat exchanger that recovers heat from hot exhaust gases(1050oF) from gas turbine. It produces steam that can be used to drive the steam turbine in combined cycle power plant.

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Why Kite power system is better than wind blade turbine / Bill Gates about Kite theory

The kite Power system currently building 500kw structure these virgin is use 6m vide cord for comparison and equaling to 500 kw wind turbine have diameter 54 m. Wind turbine blade have to strong enough to resist both rotating motion and bending motion and tower have to be strong enough to bear the weight of blade and wind turbine and also need base support in earth or ocean.

In comparison kite power system main component that significant loading. The ground station simply heavy enough to prevent the kites to lift the kites from the ground. This makes the system significant and cheaper.

The study foundation 2016 by the International renewable energy agency find the cost of per megawatt hour energy generated by offshore is 170$ that is expected to fall in 95$ in 2030.

The study conducted by independent KPS the kite power could generate per megawatt hour in 62.5$ by 2020 and 50$ at 2030 it is significantly reduced the cost of offshore 

Gill gates even said that 

10 percent chance the kite power will be the future magic power for the solution of energy crises

The population is increase day by day so there is essential to produce such systems that can use the renewable sources and provide electric energy.    

 

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Future of Wind Power ? Kite Power System

On the past decade renewable energy grown from its initiate Now a days clean energy is one of the fastest growing industries despite this continue grow renewable energy generation in united kingdom fell by  1% in  2016 not because of decrease of renewable infrastructure infect the UK capacity to generate renewable energy through by 13.7% it fell by 2016 because have a less wind and rain in 2015. Draw energy from such highly energy source have its drawbacks. So we have to build a new hybrid system like combination of solar and wind in desert.
Wind turbine are typically mounted on mountains to takes advantages of higher wind speed but obviously that's is slim so how that can reach higher to take advantages of higher wind because there is no mountain everywhere.

                                                                      

                                    

Some companies designs and builds some models that’s suspended in the Air with the help of blown take the turbine higher but these gives very little power and not easily scaled because of its size.

So, the other solution is Kites an idea given by the in London Ideas and innovative competitions Kite power system (KPS).

KPS is the UK Company received 5 million ponds investment form organization. This organization invest in new ideas for the future Energy Technologies

This system consist of 2 kites when one  kite go rise  other  lower and produce small amount of energy Theses kites are anchored  with a structure that store the potential energy through 2 cables  and this structure is a turbine that can rotate the generator and produced electricity. When the Air exerted the pressure on the kites and a mechanical force produced this force transform to the turbine through cables.As shown in the figure below

Question:

 what happen when lift of both kite is equal when both reach at same position and not move here (near and far).

These are lift bodies not a drag bodies that are control by a small robot that can control the pitch of the kite by varying the length from front and back and flown on predetermined trajectory.

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Near field Radio Frequency Identification Technologies

This category depends upon the faraday’s principle of magnetic induction for the process of the coupling between the single reader and the series of tag. As a reader is able to pass a large amount of alternating current from the cross section of the reading coil. This also results varying the alternating magnetic field relatively in its cross section locality. When a tag is placed who's cross sectional are is small relatively  and also the smaller coil then the alternating voltage is induced  across it terminal. When this induced voltage is processed through rectification process and is connected to a capacitor bank then a large reservoir of the charge is accumulated through it. which is used to provide the power to the series of tag chip.

Series of tags which use near field coupling transfer the data to the previous  reader with the help of  using load modulation method. As all the current which is drawn through the series of tag coil gradually will provides the increment in poor  magnetic field. This poor magnetic field opposes the main advanced reader’s series of field. The testing coil can predicts this at a small incremental of current which is passing from it. This passing current is directly proportional to the combined. The principle used for this purpose is same as used for that of power transformers.

 As in the transformer effect the primary and secondary coils are connected magnetically not electrically. When the magnetic field through the primary winding increase through specific level then the secondary winding acquires this magnetic field. And it behaves the same role as the tag for the reader. The reader monitors this signal and recovers it. This recovering is done by changing the value of the current. Different types of modulation encodings are established which are based at the complete number series of registers and of ID bits.

Near-field coupling is completely a best technique to implementing practically a number of passive radio frequency identification system. With its advantages the narrow field also has some disadvantages and restrictions. The periodic range used  for  this purpose is approximately c/2πf. In this periodic approximation c shows a constant value which is also called  speed of light. Where f represents  the frequency. So when the frequency of increases automatically then the measuring distance decreases upon which the field coupling is depending.

 Moreover a specific limitation is required for the energy which is existing as the induction. This induction is the function of distance. It is connected with the reader coil. In this case the dropping factor for the magnetic field is near 1/r3. In this factor the r is representing the value of distance between or the separation of the tag and the reader. It is along the direction of center line. This center line is mutually perpendicular to plane of coil. In this case more ID bits are also required.

By the way the near field radio frequency communication system also has some restrictions and limitations physically. For this purpose the range used is near about c/2πf and it has magnetic effect.

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FIR FILTER

By Dr. Hawk

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