Can 100% Renewable Energy Power The World

Every year world use 35 billion barrels of oil this massive scale of fossil fuels dependents pollutes the earth and it were not last forever. The scientist researcher that we consumed 40 % oil according to the present estimate. This rete will run out oil and gas 50 years and coal in an about a century.

On the other side we have abundant solar, water and wind these are renewable resources. So the point is how we can change the world from fossil fuels to renewable sources.

This question rises since a century but it’s hard to answer?

Yet renewable energy provide only 13% of our needs that’s requires 100% that’s inexpensive and accessible. This represent a huge challenge we ignore the politics involve and focus of science and engineering we can better understand the problem by understanding how use energy. The global energy use is a dive race and complex system. The different element require their own solution but now we focus on these to familiar used in daily life.

The electricity and liquid fuel. Electricity powers a lot of things in industry as well as home. Liquid fuels play a crucial role in the transportation.

Let consider the electrical portion first the great news is our electrical advance technology can get energy from every form of renewable source.

 The Sun is the fundamental source of solar energy and continuously accelerates 173 Quadrillion Watts of solar energy at the earth. Its approximate 10000 time more than our need. It is estimated that the surface expands almost 7000 km will be needed to power humanity and our present usage level so, why we not builds that because there are other difficulties like efficiency and transportation.

Firstly the desert are the best places for solar energy but they are located for away from our populated areas where the electricity demand is very high. We transmit the energy by cables through pole that is too expensive and energy loss.

Today the transmitted lines loss the energy 6 to 8% and longer power line dissipate more energy the only super conductor can reduce this loss but they require cool surface not a heated places.

The other solution is we convert the all renewable energy into easily transportable form. We can stores the energy in lithium dry batteries which is low weight and efficient.

There are other sources like hydroelectric, geoelectric and wind energy but they depends upon the location and availability.  

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PCB Designing

By Dr. Hawk

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Hanul Nuclear Power Plant (formerly, Ulchin)

Hanul  Nuclear Power Plant (formerly, Ulchin)

Hanul Nuclear Power Plant is situated in South Korea Located in Gyeongsangbuk-do province and the largest in South Korea. Firstly it’s known as Ulchin Nulclear Power plant and renamed Hanul Nuclear Power Plant in 2013.

According to the output Hanul Nuclear Power Plant is at 4th number among Nuclear power plants. The net capacity is 5908 MW and the installed gross generation of electricity is 6189MW.

Hanul Nuclear Power Plant divided into 2 units. First unit was completed in 2005. Total six PWR( Pressurized water reactor) used in phase 1 and 2 more water reactor was used in next development of phase 2. The expected completion of phase 2 be 2018, by adding two more reactors the net capacity will be 8608 and the 1350MW capacity of each new reactors. The power plant gross capacity will be 8989MW in 2018.

Shin-Ulchin 1 and 2 units

In July 2012 working in Shin-Ulchin stared with the estimated capital of $6bn. In the Shin-Ulchin unit 1 APR 1400 PWR used with the net capacity of 1340 MW. The unit was operational in 2105.
The construction of Shin-Ulchin unit 2 started in September 2013 and will be finish in 2018. The net capacity is 1340 with using APR 1400 Pressure water reactor.

Ulchin nuclear power plant reactors

The unit 1 & 2 of Hanul Nuclear Power Plant based on the CPI model of FRANCE. Its unit 1& 2 used APR 1400 which is known as Korean Technology Reactor.

Ulchin nuclear power plant upgrade

Till September 2002 Ulchin power plant used as thermal Power plant and after that thermal reactor was upgrade for Hanul Nuclear Power Plant unit 1 & 2. After the update the net capacity of electricity increase 54MW, firstly 1003MW to 1057MW. A long term policy were required to enhance the capability of plant, decrease the maintenance cost and safety of nuclear material.

Safety measures implemented at Ulchin NPP

Safety is first preferance and more concentrate using different equipment.

·        Injection system (SIS).

·        The safety depressurisation system (SDS).

·        Emergency feed-water system.

·        Containment spray system.

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Hanul Nuclear Power Plant (formerly, Ulchin)

Hanul  Nuclear Power Plant (formerly, Ulchin)

Hanul Nuclear Power Plant is situated in South Korea Located in Gyeongsangbuk-do province and the largest in South Korea. Firstly it’s known as Ulchin Nulclear Power plant and renamed Hanul Nuclear Power Plant in 2013.

According to the output Hanul Nuclear Power Plant is at 4th number among Nuclear power plants. The net capacity is 5908 MW and the installed gross generation of electricity is 6189MW.

Hanul Nuclear Power Plant divided into 2 units. First unit was completed in 2005. Total six PWR( Pressurized water reactor) used in phase 1 and 2 more water reactor was used in next development of phase 2. The expected completion of phase 2 be 2018, by adding two more reactors the net capacity will be 8608 and the 1350MW capacity of each new reactors. The power plant gross capacity will be 8989MW in 2018.

Shin-Ulchin 1 and 2 units

In July 2012 working in Shin-Ulchin stared with the estimated capital of $6bn. In the Shin-Ulchin unit 1 APR 1400 PWR used with the net capacity of 1340 MW. The unit was operational in 2105.
The construction of Shin-Ulchin unit 2 started in September 2013 and will be finish in 2018. The net capacity is 1340 with using APR 1400 Pressure water reactor.

Ulchin nuclear power plant reactors

The unit 1 & 2 of Hanul Nuclear Power Plant based on the CPI model of FRANCE. Its unit 1& 2 used APR 1400 which is known as Korean Technology Reactor.

Ulchin nuclear power plant upgrade

Till September 2002 Ulchin power plant used as thermal Power plant and after that thermal reactor was upgrade for Hanul Nuclear Power Plant unit 1 & 2. After the update the net capacity of electricity increase 54MW, firstly 1003MW to 1057MW. A long term policy were required to enhance the capability of plant, decrease the maintenance cost and safety of nuclear material.

Safety measures implemented at Ulchin NPP

Safety is first preferance and more concentrate using different equipment.

·        Injection system (SIS).

·        The safety depressurisation system (SDS).

·        Emergency feed-water system.

·        Containment spray system.

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Bruce Nuclear Power Generating Station, Toronto, Canada

Bruce Power Generating Station, Toronto, Canada

Bruce Power Generating plant in short BPGS is the second position among of largest Nuclear Power plants. It is located in near the lake Huron about 250 km north west of Toronto Ontario Canada. It is the first non-govt power plant and the largest plant in North America and 2nd largest in the whole world because the first one is Kashiwazaki-Kariwa. 
Ontario Hydro started construction of BPGS in 1970 and the construction was complete at 1987 approximate in 17 years. BPGS produced 20 % electricity of Ontario which is very interesting. BPGS has total area about 2,300- acre. BPGS divided in two part first one is called Bruce A and second One is called Bruce B. Due to some issues Bruce A were out of form and all the reactors was shut down between 1995 - 1998, but during these period  Bruce B working very well. In January 2004 and October 2003 respectively the remaining 3rd and 4th unit of Bruce A was resumed. When all the rector working there full potential then the net generation of electricity around 6,232 MW.

Bruce Power Plant history

In 1987 all the construction work and the installation was completed by Ontario Hydro the division of time such as the 1st  two units was starting working in 1977 and the second one are completer in 1978-87, Bruce B was completed and generated electricity in 1982-87.in 1999 Ontario Power generation (OPG) also added in Ontario Hydro and total Ontario divide in 5 parts. OPG operate all the power generating plant in the Canada.

BPGS Plant details

CANDU is the name of reactors which is used in Bruce A and Bruce B in a heavy safety building and using specific material to control the radiation effect and rate of reaction.

Total 8 number of reactor installed in the Bruce  A and 6 are working normally but the two the reaming 2 are under construction those can produced 1500 MW and now rated capacity is 4700MW.

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Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant

Kashiwazaki-Kariwa Nuclear Power Plant

Kashiwazaki kariwa plant is the world largest Power plant in the earth it is situtated in Tokyo (Japan) under the hold of TEPCO Tokyo Electric Power Company. TEPCO fulfill the electricity demand of 16 million house-holds. Kashiwazaki kariwa is the 4th one largest nuclear plant due to its 7965 MW net capacity. 

The first 3 are given below.

1. Itaipu near Brazil-Paraguay border.

2. Three Gorges Dam in China.

 3. Guri Dam in Venezuela.

The total install capacity is 8,212MW by using 7 BWR ( boiling water reactor ).Kashiwazaki kariwa becomes the first Power plant which is using the Advanced Boiling water reactor made by General Electric. ABWR used in reactor number 3 and produced 1315MW and the gross capacity was 1356MW.

Gross capacity of all 7 BWR are different 1st five has 1,100MW but the next 2 are 1,356.

Approximately after 12 years of hard work in Kashiwazaki kariwa plant all the unit start working. The first unit start in September 1985 and the last unit began commercially work in July 1997. The plant was working in 1985 but due to safety check and problems of earthquake the plant was re-opened in 2009.

Nuclear power plant safety is one of most important thing so TEPCO start working on the suggestion about the safety which given by Japan’s Nuclear Regulatory Authority.

The Japan face a no. Of earth quake in each year so every building which is design in Japan according to obsorbe the maximum earth quake shock. The plant building also well safe but the earth quake of 2007 measuring 6.8 on Richter scale was damaged the Power Plant so due to earth quake the radioactive substance and radiation escaped cause the badly effect the water and air.  

2007 earthquake damage

 In 2004 October the earthquake measured 6.8 hit the Niigata Prefecture city and effected the daily life.

Kashiwazaki kariwa plant work normally during the earth quake but the single one unite try to force shutdown. 

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How Nuclear Power Plant Work

Its to hard to control the atomic fusion reaction but in this process o lot of heat emits. By using this heat we will able to produce Electricity. the complete phenomena show in this GIF.

in simple language when a atom of Uranium 92 break and heat produced and  the water cross from there. When water cross the reactor part turn in to vapor. We use these vapors to turn the generator shaft to get required RPM.
In the atomic plant temperature very high.So it is necessary to cool down the Plant area except the reactor part. Without cooling the Plant its impossible to Work there. So cooling the plant water is used and mostly all the Atomic power plant located near the river side to fill full the requirements of water to cool down and vaporization to produce energy. Its a very expensive and dangerous source of electricity. with a single mistake you become the victim of harm full radiation which effect you body badly. Always use high level protection when you are working in the Nuclear power plant.
One Kg Atom of Uranium 92 can produce Electricity equal to 30 Ton Coal. Its to interesting to hear but it has more complication then coal power plants.
One of the most important thing is the Security issues. atomic material is mush sensitive material and no good in bad hands.  Government pay there full attention for the security by using there secretes agencies and well trained commando. 

Different of part of atomic power plant are given in the figure below:

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